Have you ever plugged an appliance into an extension cord and had it not work? If you have ever had to wonder whether the problem is the outlet, the wire, or the device, you are not alone. Most people don't understand how it all works--that is, the transfer of power from an outlet to a device. How do extension cords and their construction work to power appliances effectively?
All About Extension Cords
A standard power extension cord has many components that work together to transfer power, but let's break it down into three main parts: The plug, socket, and wires.
Power Cable Plug
The plug is the part that you plug into an outlet. It has two or three metal prongs (blades) that connect with the outlet to provide power.
Power Cable Socket
The socket is the part that you plug your device into. It also has metal prongs that fit into the plugs of devices.
They have wiring that lights up when power is being drawn through; this is a safety feature. The plug and socket are made of hard plastic or rubber.
Power Cable Wire
The wires are what connect the plug to the socket. Sometimes the cable is classified as "CCA," which stands for "copper-clad aluminum"; this means that the wire is made of an aluminum core with a thin layer of copper around it. Other cables are only made with copper.
Wires are protected and insulated with nylon or plastic material. The most common type of extension cord is made of PVC (polyvinyl chloride), which is a type of plastic. PVC is strong and durable, making it ideal for extension cords. It is also resistant to weather and chemicals, so it can be used indoors or outdoors.
How Wire Determines Gauge and Amperage
The extension cord's gauge rating tells you the thickness of the wires inside. The lower the number, the thicker the wires. For example, a 12-gauge extension cord has thicker wires than a 14-gauge extension cord. The thicker the wires, the more electrical current it can carry safely.
Current is measured in amperes or "amps." One amp equals approximately 3600 watts of power. Most extension cords have an amperage rating of 15 or 20. This means that they can handle up to 15 or 20 amps of current, respectively.
The gauge size, number of conductors, and the length of the cord all contribute to determining a power cord's amperage rating. The longer the cord gets, the less power it can carry.
Protecting the Wire is a Priority
Therefore, if an appliance doesn't work or turn on with an extension cord, it could be because the extension cord is too weak. Likely, the problem is with the outlet or appliance. Otherwise, the only time it would be a problem with the extension cord is if the cable is too old or damaged and needs to be replaced. Watch out for these signs of damage:
- Plug feels loose or flexible
- Cuts, scrapes, or cracks in the insulation
- Wires are exposed
Extension cords are a necessary part of life, whether we live in an urban apartment or a rural farmhouse. They allow us to use appliances where we want them, without being tied down by outlets. They are made of plastic and metal and can be damaged if stepped on or overloaded. Make sure you have the correct gauge cord for your needs, and keep an eye out for damage, so you don't start a fire! If you see any damage, it's time to replace the cord.
